Norovirus and histo-blood group antigens.

Norovirus Binding to Ligands Beyond Histo-Blood Group Antigens

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are commonly accepted as the cellular receptors for human norovirus. However, some human noroviruses have been found not to bind any HBGA ligand, suggesting potential additional co-factors. Some ligands have been found to bind noroviruses and have the potential to be additional cellular receptors/attachment factors for human norovirus or inhibitors of the HBGA...

Brief Review Binding activity of norovirus and sapovirus to histo-blood group antigens

Norovirus and histo-blood group antigens: demonstration of a wide spectrum of strain specificities and classification of two major binding groups among multiple binding patterns.

Noroviruses, an important cause of acute gastroenteritis, have been found to recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors. Four strain-specific binding patterns to HBGAs have been described in our previous report. In this study, we have extended the binding patterns to seven based on 14 noroviruses examined. The oligosaccharide-based assays revealed additional epitopes that w...

Frequent Use of the IgA Isotype in Human B Cells Encoding Potent Norovirus-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies That Block HBGA Binding

Noroviruses (NoV) are the most common cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis and cause local outbreaks of illness, especially in confined situations. Despite being identified four decades ago, the correlates of protection against norovirus gastroenteritis are still being elucidated. Recent studies have shown an association of protection with NoV-specific serum histo-blood group antigen-bl...

Human Norovirus Interactions with Histo-Blood Group Antigens and Human Milk Oligosaccharides.

Human noroviruses interact with both human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The former are believed to be important for a virus infection, while the latter might act as natural decoys in the host during an infection. However, certain noroviruses are known to bind poorly to HBGAs and yet still cause infections; some interact with numerous HBGA types but ...

Binding of recombinant norovirus like particle to histo-blood group antigen on cells in the lumen of pig duodenum.

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) expressed on cells in the human GI tract have been shown to function as receptors for noroviruses. In concordance with earlier reports (Backer et al., 1997; Yamamoto and Yamamoto, 2001), this study found that individual pigs are either HBGA type A positive or type H1 (type O) positive. Recombinant norovirus like particles from a genogroup I (rNVLP) or three gen...